Creating an Accessible and Barrier-Free Society Through Inclusive Design: a Constant Renewal

Creating an Accessible and Barrier-Free Society Through Inclusive Design: a Constant Renewal

Creating an Accessible and Barrier-Free Society Through Inclusive Design: a Constant Renewal

 

Le design inclusif joue un rôle majeur dans l’amélioration de l’accessibilité. Bien que ces deux concepts ne recouvrent pas exactement les mêmes idées, ils sont indéniablement liés par leur complémentarité. L’accessibilité consiste à supprimer les obstacles existants, tandis que le design inclusif consiste à créer des solutions parfaitement adaptées dès le départ aux besoins de différents profils de personnes : une personne à mobilité réduite pour qui il sera plus facile d’utiliser un ascenseur dans un centre commercial, ou une personne malvoyante qui a besoin d’une signalisation contrastée dans une station de métro pour se déplacer en toute autonomie, par exemple.

L’accessibilité peut donc être obtenue grâce à une conception inclusive et une approche centrée sur l’humain. Accorder la priorité aux personnes et se concentrer sur leurs besoins permet de répondre adéquatement et de favoriser leur inclusion dans la société.

Quoi de mieux qu’une société qui répond aux besoins de tous ses citoyens ? Le design inclusif offre aux villes un large éventail de possibilités pour créer une société accessible et sans barrières, tant au niveau des services qu’elles fournissent, comme les transports publics, que de l’architecture, avec ses bâtiments et ses parcs. Par ailleurs, la culture est l’un des premiers secteurs à avoir envisagé le design inclusif et montre la voie à suivre. 

Le ciel est la limite, comme le démontrent les exemples suivants d’accessibilité obtenue grâce à une conception inclusive !

Conception inclusive, conception universelle et accessibilité : un triptyque inévitable 

Afin de bien comprendre ce qu’englobe le design inclusif , concentrons-nous d’abord sur sa définition et celles du design universel et de l’accessibilité puisque les trois sont souvent étroitement liées.

⊗  Design inclusif : rendre un produit ou un service facilement accessible à plusieurs catégories d’utilisateurs. Il met l’accent sur l’expérience utilisateur afin de répondre aux besoins des catégories ciblées et de prendre en compte la diversité de la population.

Autrement dit, pour différents groupes d’utilisateurs, le design inclusif explore différentes solutions. Il prend également en compte les différentes cultures afin que les solutions puissent également s’appliquer aux touristes étrangers qui ne parlent pas la langue du pays visité. 

⊗  Conception universelle ou Design pour tous : elle consiste à proposer une solution unique adaptée aux besoins de tous. La conception universelle s’adresse ainsi à l’ensemble de la population plutôt qu’à quelques groupes de personnes afin de rendre les produits accessibles. Cependant, la conception universelle ne répond généralement qu’aux besoins de la majorité, de sorte que certains besoins restent insatisfaits. 

⊗  Accessibilité : supprimer les obstacles et adapter les solutions ou équipements afin que les utilisateurs handicapés puissent bénéficier de la même expérience que tout autre utilisateur, comme les lecteurs d’écran pour les personnes malvoyantes. L’accessibilité est avant tout une question d’aménagements. 

Comme vous pouvez le constater, il existe de légères différences entre ces concepts. Cependant, lorsqu’il est question de conception inclusive, il est évident qu’elle doit être liée à l’accessibilité. L’une va de pair.

Après tout, elles partagent un objectif commun, même si leurs méthodes et solutions différentes : permettre aux personnes handicapées d’être incluses dans la société et de bénéficier des mêmes services que tout le monde. 

Par conséquent, un élément aussi simple qu’une large entrée de bâtiment constitue une combinaison parfaite entre design inclusif et accessibilité ! Cela peut s’avérer extrêmement utile pour les personnes en fauteuil roulant et constitue la première étape pour rendre un lieu accessible. 

Ce type d’équipement est présent dans divers lieux, tels que les mairies, les universités et les grandes écoles , voire les aéroports . Dans les centres commerciaux par exemple, outre une large entrée avec portes automatiques, on trouve des ascenseurs, des escaliers mécaniques et des rampes permettant aux personnes à mobilité réduite de se déplacer facilement et de faire leurs courses.

Si les ascenseurs peuvent sembler une solution évidente pour faciliter l’accès aux personnes à mobilité réduite, les escaliers restent pertinents car ils permettent aux personnes âgées de faire de l’exercice sans qu’elles s’en rendent compte. De plus, les personnes malvoyantes n’ont pas à se soucier de trouver le bon bouton sur l’ascenseur.

Elles peuvent tous utiliser des escaliers accessibles équipés de rampes continues et de nez de marche antidérapants contrastés : un équipement facile à mettre en œuvre !

La conception inclusive et l’accessibilité sont véritablement complémentaires puisqu’elles servent le même objectif. 

Conception inclusive avec une approche centrée sur l’humain

Les personnes handicapées sont au cœur de la conception inclusive, car elle vise à répondre au mieux à leurs besoins. L’aménagement d’une large entrée pour les personnes en fauteuil roulant n’est qu’un début pour les architectes et les designers.

Pour rendre un lieu accessible , il doit être pensé en tenant compte des différents profils. Et pour cela, il faut collaborer étroitement avec les groupes de personnes handicapées.

Leur participation et leur implication sont essentielles pour garantir que les architectes, urbanistes et ingénieurs créent l’environnement idéal pour répondre à leurs besoins. La conception centrée sur l’humain, utilisée dans les normes ISO , consiste d’abord à identifier le problème, à analyser les données, puis à le conceptualiser afin de mettre en œuvre la solution appropriée. Différentes étapes sont alors nécessaires :

⊗  Observer les groupes d’utilisateurs ;

⊗  Analyser la recherche;

⊗  Communiquer avec les groupes d’utilisateurs sur la question ;

⊗  Proposer une solution ou un prototype ;

⊗  Retour d’information des groupes ;

⊗  Corriger les problèmes potentiels de la solution soulevés par les groupes d’utilisateurs jusqu’à sa mise au point. De nombreux échanges peuvent donc avoir lieu entre les groupes et les concepteurs.

Tout au long de ce processus d’analyse de la problématique des groupes d’usagers, l’empathie demeure essentielle. Après tout, architectes, urbanistes et ingénieurs conçoivent pour les humains. Ils doivent se mettre à la place de ceux qui sont habituellement invisibles et ignorés : les personnes handicapées. 

L’ Institute of Human Centered Design (IHCD) de Boston privilégie le design inclusif et universel afin de favoriser des projets répondant aux besoins d’un large éventail de personnes, notamment les personnes âgées pouvant avoir des difficultés à se déplacer ou à utiliser leurs mains en raison de l’arthrite, les personnes souffrant de troubles de l’apprentissage et de l’attention, les personnes autistes ou tout autre handicap.

En effet, l’IHCD a mis son expertise en matière d’accessibilité à disposition dès le début d’un projet de conception (villes, parcs, transports en commun) afin de garantir à toutes les catégories de personnes l’accès à une société sans obstacle, en appliquant une philosophie où chacun est écouté et valorisé.

Les personnes handicapées, comme les autres types de personnes, peuvent ainsi retrouver une certaine estime d’elles-mêmes et se sentir pleinement intégrées à la société. 

De plus, ce qui est utile à un groupe peut l’être aussi à un autre. Par exemple, l’utilisation de pictogrammes simples et clairs pour donner des informations de base, comme l’emplacement des ascenseurs ou des toilettes, aux personnes souffrant de troubles cognitifs est tout aussi efficace pour les personnes âgées ou les enfants.

Après tout, l’objectif est de diffuser des informations universelles grâce à une signalétique. 

Le parc olympique Queen Elizabeth, situé à l’est de Londres, représente une véritable réussite en matière de conception inclusive et d’approche centrée sur l’humain. Créé spécialement pour les Jeux olympiques et paralympiques de 2012, il avait pour ambition d’accueillir « les Jeux les plus accessibles de tous les temps » par la London Legacy Development Corporation (LLDC).

C’était le cas à l’époque et il est toujours utilisé aujourd’hui pour accueillir le grand public. La LLDC a publié l’année dernière sesnormes de conception inclusive actualisées , décrivant les mises en œuvre au sein du parc, de ses sites et de ses environs.

Des toilettes accessibles aux personnes en fauteuil roulant aux chemins d’orientation pour les personnes malvoyantes, en passant par les espaces communs faciles à parcourir et les zones de confort pour les piétons, sans oublier les installations pour les chiens d’assistance, le parc offre un lieu sûr et une attraction pour un large public de tous âges.

Le sentiment d’appartenance et de communauté s’en trouve ainsi renforcé. Espérons que le parc inspirera d’autres à adopter les mêmes normes de conception inclusive !

À plus grande échelle, Londres continue de s’intéresser à la conception inclusive. La ville prévoit de faire du Square Mile , le quartier financier, un environnement accessible pour ses citoyens handicapés et ses aînés. Londres est déterminée à éliminer tous les obstacles pour créer une société inclusive !

Comme nous l’avons expliqué dans notre article « Le handicap, moteur d’innovation pour la ville intelligente » , l’accessibilité et l’inclusion représentent un défi pour toutes les villes qui souhaitent revendiquer le statut de ville intelligente.  

Innover en adoptant une approche centrée sur l’humain peut donner naissance à des créations surprenantes. Le monde entier a dû s’adapter à la pandémie actuelle, et le port du masque est devenu essentiel pour nous protéger et protéger les autres.

Cependant, cette situation a isolé de nombreuses personnes, notamment les personnes sourdes et malentendantes, qui ont du mal à communiquer. Voyant leur interlocuteur porter un masque pour couvrir leur visage, les personnes sourdes ou malentendantes ne peuvent plus lire sur leurs lèvres ni voir leurs expressions faciales pour les aider à comprendre la situation.

Heureusement, des entreprises ou de simples citoyens se sont mobilisés pour fabriquer des masques transparents. Une solution simple et inclusive qui permet aux personnes sourdes de lire sur les lèvres et de communiquer !

Un autre exemple d’innovation répondant aux besoins de groupes de personnes est la création de salles sensorielles : un espace dédié aux personnes atteintes de troubles cognitifs, d’autisme ou même de démence.

Elles y trouvent un environnement calme et sécurisé, loin de toute situation potentiellement stressante. La ville de Londres offre une nouvelle fois un bel exemple d’inclusion avec la salle sensorielle de l’aéroport d’Heathrow. Des chercheurs ont établi desrecommandations démontrant les bienfaits thérapeutiques d’une salle sensorielle sur les patients atteints de démence grâce à une stimulation sensorielle douce.

Les salles sensorielles peuvent également offrir un environnement insonorisé aux personnes autistes, sensibles au bruit et ayant besoin d’un endroit calme pour se détendre. C’est le cas de celle duUS Bank Stadium de Minneapolis, comme nous l’avons vu dans notre article « Les directives pour l’accessibilité des stades : offrir une expérience agréable aux personnes handicapées » .

Concevoir une salle avec un éclairage tamisé, différents types d’espaces pour le calme, ou même une ambiance ludique avec des peluches, exige une analyse précise des catégories de personnes qui y seront accueillies. 

Prendre en compte les besoins de plusieurs groupes de personnes est un élément essentiel du design inclusif. Cela permet d’améliorer les solutions pour créer un environnement accessible à tous, quel que soit l’environnement. C’est là toute la beauté du design inclusif ! 

Résoudre le défi de la mobilité : une société inclusive, un pied à la fois 

La mobilité représente un défi majeur pour les personnes handicapées au quotidien. Dans notre article « Comment les aveugles traversent-ils la route en toute sécurité ? » , nous avions déjà insisté sur l’importance de la mobilité des personnes malvoyantes. 

Les feux piétons accessibles (FPA) restent la meilleure solution pour traverser la rue en toute sécurité. Cependant, la COVID-19 a mis en évidence leurs limites : l’utilisation du bouton-poussoir aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays peut mettre en danger la vie des personnes aveugles.

En effet, il suffit d’appuyer sur le bouton pour activer le FPA et parcourir la rue. Malheureusement, il a été prouvé que le virus pouvait également se propager sur des surfaces, rendant les déplacements difficiles et dangereux pour les personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes. Notre article « Comment les feux piétons accessibles peuvent-ils devenir adaptés à la COVID-19 ? » s’est penché sur cette question et a présenté l’appareil connecté aBeacon comme une solution adéquate.  

Ce système de signalisation intelligent innovant peut être activé à la demande avec une télécommande ou un smartphone , évitant ainsi à l’utilisateur de toucher le poteau. Conçu par Okeenea , le dispositif aBeacon s’installe facilement sur les feux de circulation pour diffuser des informations sonores et créer un couloir sonore guidant l’utilisateur. Un parfait exemple de design inclusif au service des groupes de personnes ! Une société inclusive ne laisse personne de côté ! 

L’entreprise française Okeenea innove sans cesse pour permettre aux personnes malvoyantes de localiser un bâtiment ou une entrée de métro grâce à ses balises audio NAVIGUEO+ HIFI . Une fois activées, leurs messages permettent de retrouver l’emplacement exact du point d’intérêt.

Tout comme les balises aBeacon, ces balises audio s’activent à la demande avec une télécommande ou un smartphone, permettant ainsi aux utilisateurs de disposer du même appareil pour deux solutions différentes. Deux solutions bien pensées, centrées sur les besoins des utilisateurs pour leur simplifier la vie !

Bien sûr, trouver l’entrée d’un bâtiment est la première étape, mais l’accessibilité intérieure est également importante. Nous avons vu précédemment que les bâtiments comme les centres commerciaux peuvent être équipés de différents types d’équipements, mais les personnes handicapées doivent généralement anticiper leurs déplacements et les préparer au mieux afin d’éviter toute difficulté.

Comment leur permettre de se déplacer spontanément et d’explorer un nouveau lieu ?Evelity propose une solution simple et originale : une application d’orientation intérieure spécialement conçue pour les personnes handicapées. De plus en plus d’applications sont créées pour les personnes handicapées physiques , aveugles, malvoyantes , sourdes ou malentendantes , afin de les aider dans leur quotidien. 

Evelity est une application ingénieuse qui aide les personnes malvoyantes à s’orienter grâce à des instructions audio avec VoiceOver ou TalkBack, ou les personnes à mobilité réduite grâce à des itinéraires optimisés. L’utilisateur peut configurer l’application en fonction de son profil. Evelity peut guider les utilisateurs dans tous types de lieux : centres commerciaux, universités, écoles supérieures, hôpitaux, réseaux de transport comme le métro et les gares, bureaux, musées et bien plus encore. 

Afin de proposer une solution parfaitement adaptée aux besoins de ses différents utilisateurs, l’équipe de conception d‘Evelity a travaillé en étroite collaboration avec des groupes de test dès le début, selon les étapes expliquées précédemment. Cela a toujours été l’un des principes majeurs de l’équipe, comme l’explique la designer de services Marie-Charlotte Moret dans son interview : « Adopter une approche design pour placer l’humain au cœur des nouveaux services de mobilité » . L’empathie est donc une valeur essentielle lors de la conception d’une solution pour la mobilité des personnes en situation de handicap. 

L’engagement indéniable du monde culturel pour le développement du design inclusif

S’il est un domaine qui a toujours interrogé la question de l’accessibilité et du confort des visiteurs, c’est bien celui de la culture. Comment les visiteurs aveugles ou malvoyants peuvent-ils appréhender les peintures d’un musée ? Les visiteurs en fauteuil roulant peuvent-ils accéder facilement aux galeries ?

Tactile Studio , agence spécialisée dans le design inclusif pour la promotion des arts auprès de tous, crée des solutions adaptées et innovantes qui répondent à la fois à l’esthétique du lieu et aux besoins des visiteurs. Des institutions culturelles de renommée mondiale font appel à cette agence pour permettre à tous les publics de profiter de la culture et des arts, comme le musée d’Orsay à Paris, qui a mis en place une exploration tactile et multisensorielle de L’Atelier du peintre , un tableau de Gustave Courbet. Tactile Studio a créé un design spécifique du tableau afin que les visiteurs malvoyants puissent toucher les couches mises en valeur.

Une audiodescription du tableau a également été proposée pour permettre aux émotions de se transmettre par différents canaux et sens. Une immersion totale pour comprendre et apprécier facilement une œuvre d’art !

Le relief et l’expérience tactile ne sont pas les seules solutions mises en place par l’agence de design. La technologie peut en effet aider les visiteurs à exploiter des peintures ou des photographies. Le musée du Louvre Abu Dhabi a opté pour une solution numérique pour son exposition « Photographies : un album des débuts du monde 1842-1896 » afin d’expliquer la pertinence de ces photographies sur les plans technique et culturel. Tactile Studio a créé des animations interactives, des interfaces graphiques et une narration pour les supports numériques non tactiles. Une approche ludique de l’art !

Le Guggenheim de New York est un excellent exemple d’accessibilité grâce à une conception inclusive, car il s’adresse à différents profils grâce à des solutions adaptées. Même son bâtiment cylindrique s’avère facilement accessible : les visiteurs commencent leur visite par le haut et descendent progressivement grâce à sa rampe en rotonde légèrement inclinée pour accéder aux expositions. Un moyen simple pour les visiteurs en fauteuil roulant de se déplacer dans le musée s’ils ne souhaitent pas utiliser les ascenseurs. 

Cependant, le Guggenheim et sa rotonde offrent davantage de solutions répondant aux besoins de différents profils :

Visiteurs en fauteuil roulantFauteuils roulants standard gratuits
Places assises accessibles
Visiteurs malvoyantsDescriptions verbales par des professionnels 
Visiteurs malentendantsInterprétation en langue des signes américaine (ASL)
Dispositifs d’écoute assistée
Visiteurs souffrant de troubles du traitement sensorielUn guide narratif social pour savoir à quoi s’attendre lors de la visite
Endroits calmes

Grâce au design inclusif, l’accès à la culture est possible et peut prendre de multiples formes. Les visiteurs en situation de handicap bénéficient d’innovations infinies pour partager la même expérience que n’importe quel visiteur.

Un renouvellement constant est donc nécessaire pour garantir à tous l’accès à la culture. La recherche s’avère essentielle au design inclusif, c’est pourquoi Access Smithsonian , l’Institute for Human Centered Design et MuseWeb ont collaboré à l’élaboration d’un guide sur les Interactifs Numériques Inclusives : Bonnes Pratiques et Recherche

Ce guide est un incontournable pour toute personne impliquée dans le design inclusif et sa mise en œuvre dans le monde culturel. Il fournit des exemples détaillés d’études de cas dans le but de constamment repenser et reconsidérer les pratiques actuelles pour favoriser l’innovation. 

Comme nous le constatons, créer une société accessible et sans obstacles grâce à une conception inclusive est possible dans de nombreux domaines. Les défis à relever ne font qu’accroître la nécessité de se renouveler constamment pour réfléchir et repenser les solutions. L’accessibilité est possible grâce à des solutions innovantes ! Ensemble, construisons un monde inclusif ! 

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Inclusive design and accessibility both share a common goal even though their methods and solutions differ: enabling people with disabilities to be included in society and to enjoy the same services as anybody.

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Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

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By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

How Cities in North America Communicate Efficiently about Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Good Examples to Follow

How Cities in North America Communicate Efficiently about Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Good Examples to Follow

How Cities in North America Communicate Efficiently About Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Good Examples to Follow

 

You’ve invested thousands of dollars in the installation of Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS). It’s now time to make it known to those primarily concerned: blind and visually impaired people who are eagerly waiting for APS to gain more autonomy in their trips. How can you do it? What type of information is it necessary to transmit? Which channels can you use? In this article, you’ll find the methods chosen by cities in the United States and Canada which have answered the issue head on. 

Accessible Pedestrian Signals (also known as audible pedestrian signals) favor the mobility and the autonomy of blind or visually impaired pedestrians. Indeed, thanks to audible and vibrotactile indications, they know exactly when they can safely cross the road enabling them to get around in the city in a spontaneous way. As well as anybody else, blind or visually impaired people aspire to fully enjoy their city. No matter what their size is, cities have to make their public roads accessible implementing APS for pedestrians with a visual impairment. It’s an obligation defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for the US and the Canadian Human Rights Act of 1985 for its neighbor. 

Let’s take a glance at solutions undertaken by cities which have already positively apprehended the issue!

 

Public road accessibility: efficiently informing pedestrians with a visual impairment

For blind or visually impaired people, getting around means doing some research beforehand in order to correctly apprehend a place or a route. Where exactly is the building entrance located? Where is the nearest subway station? Besides, is it an accessible subway station? This process requires preparation to find on the Internet all the necessary information so that they can have a safe and serene trip. 

The commitment of cities towards their blind or visually impaired citizens

The Internet has demystified information thanks to a digital accessibility that’s more and more innovative. Thus it’s easy for people with a visual impairment to surf online. They can know the number of APS implemented in their city plus their exact location. New York City, the largest city in the U.S., provides information on Accessible Pedestrian Signals directly on its Department of Transportation website. Any concerned citizen can download the list of intersections equipped with APS and the 2019 report on the status of the APS program. With just a few clicks, blind or visually impaired pedestrians can know which parts of the five boroughs they can freely explore.

At the end of 2018, New York City had equipped 371 intersections with Accessible Pedestrian Signals. This amount was possible by implementing APS on 75 intersections each year but for 2019 and 2020, it was decided to increase their number to 150. Meaning that the installations of APS at intersections have doubled and their cost too. Thus in 2019, the city spent $9,675,000 to equip 150 intersections according to different criteria established by laws and regulations and implemented by city engineers. These data are in open access for the public and involved city planners in an annual report of the state of accessibility in New York City. In our article Everything You Need to Know about Accessible Pedestrian Signals Regulation in New York City, we had already explained which guidelines city engineers follow regarding the features of APS and their installation.

The Big Apple doesn’t limit itself to the use of regular APS with pushbuttons but also focuses on innovative technology with aBeacon developed by Okeenea Tech. Indeed, aBeacon was the winner of the Call for Innovations of the New York City Department of Transportation: it’s a connected APS with on demand activation. Blind or visually impaired pedestrians just have to use a remote control or the app MyMoveo to activate a sound message telling them when to cross the street safely. In a world where COVID-19 can be spread everywhere, including on surfaces, having a perfectly contactless APS enables pedestrians to be safe. This type of APS is responsive to COVID-19. In this particular context, pushbuttons, which can sometimes be difficult to find on a pole for users with a visual impairment, do have their limits… The device aBeacon is currently in test in a junction in the city. Not only does New York City favors inclusive mobility but also innovates using a technology that can make crossing the street safe for all pedestrians during a pandemic.

Although no specific information or list can be found on the Department of Transportation for the city of Los Angeles, it’s not the case for San Francisco: their Municipal Transportation Agency website provides an updated list of the 305 intersections equipped with Accessible Pedestrian Signals that also contains the 80 intersections that will be equipped with APS in a near future. A complete and transparent communication that benefits all citizens with a visual impairment who want to know exactly what their city is doing to improve their mobility! Pedestrian accessibility in the Fog City can only but improve as previously demonstrated in our article We Need to Talk about Pedestrian’s Crossing Accessibility of San Francisco.

Another major U.S. city that bets on rising its number of APS installed on intersections is Chicago. In 2019, the Windy City had only equipped 11 signalized intersections with APS, a very low number considering around 258,900 inhabitants of Illinois have a visual impairment. Consequently, last year Mayor Lighfoot announced the installation of 100 new Accessible Pedestrian Signals in the following two years. Chicago is ready to make an effort and introduces its whole program to install new APS on the city website with the proposed locations listed and in open access to any concerned citizen. For this pilot project, the city worked closely with the Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities (MOPD) and the Chicago Department of Transportation and displayed at the public meeting open house photographs of the APS that will be installed. Proof that Chicago is set on improving pedestrian accessibility.

APS in Canada are similar to those in the United States since they are activated with a pushbutton. Following the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2005 (AODA), Accessible Pedestrian Signals in the state of Ontario need to be complied to certain regulations. Toronto provides the list of the 999 intersections equipped with Accessible Pedestrian Signals. We had already focused on the city’s accessibility for blind or visually impaired pedestrians in our article How Do Blind People of Toronto Cross the Street Safely?

The 176 intersections of Ottawa equipped with APS are also available online and listed by the city but the need for more APS is crucial to improve the mobility of its 50,000 blind citizens as shown in our infographic.

The cities of Canada make a point in providing its citizens with a visual impairment all the necessary information so that they know which parts of their city they can explore. Accessible Pedestrian Signals enable blind or visually impaired to gain more autonomy and a freedom of movement!

The ultimate guide to accessible pedestrian signals. I want it!

Open data resources: a new opportunity for cities

Information regarding the locations of Accessible Pedestrian Signals can also be deployed through open data. Indeed, open data represents a great opportunity for cities to gather all types of updated information for all parties concerned in city planning whether they are engineers, designers, operators, public or private service providers or just regular citizens who want to be involved in their city.

When Canadian cities have understood and mastered this type of resources to list APS as Toronto and Montreal do, American cities unfortunately don’t gather information on their open data websites failing to see that locating APS in their city is essential for the mobility of blind or visually impaired pedestrians.

Using open data resources enables Internet users to have access to regularly updated information with just a few clicks!

 

Organizations: efficient intermediaries in the field

Organizations play a central role in providing the right information to people with a visual impairment who may not know how to access it. This happens to be the case for the blind or visually impaired inhabitants of Montreal thanks to the RAAMM organization (Regroupement des aveugles et amblyopes du Montréal métropolitain) that lists the 209 intersections that are equipped with APS.

For New York City, the organization PASS (Pedestrians for Accessible and Safe Streets) is a major actor that has its say concerning the installation of APS. Not only does it contain the link to the list of the locations of APS provided by the NYCDOT but it also works closely with the city’s legislators and officials including the Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities (MOPD) to identify intersections where the implementation of APS would be best suited for blind or visually impaired pedestrians.

Citizens can thus directly be involved in their city planning. In North America, people can request online the installation of APS in an intersection they use. Their request will then be studied by city engineers and put on the list if the need is valid. Different criteria need to be matched in order for an APS to be installed. In the United States, the request is done through the city’s Department of Transportation: users can write to the commissioner via an online form. It’s really easy for citizens to actively participate in their city life!

 

The Vision Zero plan: another way for cities to be more inclusive

The Vision Zero approach aims at improving road safety and reducing the number of accidents by focusing on the responsibility of road designers and not its users’. Therefore, it’s up to road designers to create a safe environment for all users (cyclists, pedestrians, car drivers). All the major cities of North America we mentioned implement this plan at various degrees according to their needs and their infrastructures. 

Vision Zero measures consist in:

⊗ Reducing speed limit for cars;

⊗ Creating safe bike lanes where they are necessary;

⊗ Improving lighting;

⊗ Installing Accessible Pedestrian Signals on traffic lights;

⊗ Increasing the duration of the crossing for people with reduced mobility…

Every profile is scrutinized and considered so that road safety affects every one of them.

New York City has implemented a Vision Zero action plan for 6 years now and has issued a report showing the efficiency of their actions: last year was the second safest year since pedestrian deaths reduced by 33%. Vision Zero has become a priority for the Big Apple which is already reaping the benefits of its actions!

For Toronto, reducing pedestrian injuries means focusing on installing more Accessible Pedestrian Signals for blind or visually impaired people. This year, the city has already equipped 46 intersections as its target is to reach 66 intersections. Their Vision Zero initiative prioritizes pedestrians with a visual impairment, an approach we can all but salute!

Pedestrian accessibility represents an important issue for cities. Indeed, making sure that everybody can cross the street safely favors inclusivity. The Smart City keeps evolving to improve the mobility of blind or visually impaired pedestrians and this goes through the implementation of Accessible Pedestrian Signals. It’s up to cities to provide accurate information to their citizens.

 

If you liked this article, you’ll also like other articles focused on Accessible Pedestrian Signals:

Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS): a Century of Change

How Do the Blind Safely Cross the Road?

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The Big Apple doesn’t limit itself to the use of regular APS with pushbuttons but also focuses on innovative technology with aBeacon developed by Okeenea Tech (…) the winner of the Call for Innovations of the New York City Department of Transportation.

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Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

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powered by okeenea

The French leading company

on the accessibility market.

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

12 Must-Have Apps for Blind or Visually Impaired People

12 Must-Have Apps for Blind or Visually Impaired People

12 Must-Have Apps for Blind or Visually Impaired People

 

For people with a visual impairment, accessing simple information can sometimes be difficult. How can a nonsighted person get their bearings and choose the best route to get to their destination? Or read a document that’s not available in braille? Answer an email from a co-worker? Fortunately, technology keeps innovating: a lot of apps are specifically designed to help blind or visually impaired people in their everyday lives.

Indeed, 89% of them have a smartphone, a tool that truly revolutionizes their lives. If they can gain more autonomy today, it’s thanks to features that are more advanced and accessible to the general public or thanks to apps that are specially designed for them. Blind or visually impaired people who find it restrictive and stressing to get around can now be more serene.

Let’s explore the apps used by blind or visually impaired people to gain more autonomy in their everyday lives!

VoiceOver

VoiceOver is a screen reader that’s integrated into iPhones that, as its name indicates, enunciates emails or other textual messages aloud. It’s up to the user to choose the speaking rate and the volume.

Not to forget that braille also remains an option for those who have a braille keyboard to connect to the smartphone or who just want to write in braille directly on the screen of their iPhone.

VoiceOver also describes all the elements on the screen such as apps icons, the battery level and even in part images thanks to artificial intelligence. All the information is thus accessible!

Artificial Intelligence and Accessibility: Examples of a Technology That Serves People with Disabilities

TalkBack

Android smartphones also have a similar screen reader with TalkBack. It follows the same guideline as for iPhones: reading textual elements aloud, exploring the screen, using braille with BrailleBack… Everything is set for an optimal and smooth navigation!

Siri

Directly integrated into iPhones, Siri is an easy-to-use vocal assistant. For blind or visually impaired people, for whom finding and clicking on the right button can be difficult, using a voice control enables them to save time!

They just need to ask Siri to call a contact, to send a dictated text message and everything is therefore easier!

Google Assistant

Also activated by voice control, Google Assistant has the same functionality as Siri. The user totally controls their smartphone according to their needs: sending an email, setting up an alarm, managing their schedule…

Available on both Android and iOS

Google Maps

It’s one of the most popular GPS navigation apps. Being able to anticipate their route is essential for blind and visually impaired people. And this also applies for other types of profiles in general since people with disabilities use 30% more the GPS on their smartphone than the rest of the population. (Find out all the facts and figures concerning their use of smartphones in our infographic.)

Google Maps enables users to have access to all the real-time traffic information which is ideal when choosing the right means of public transportation!

The app even provides a new feature called “Accessible Places” that enables users to even more apprehend their environment thanks to information concerning the seating plan of a restaurant, the exact location of a building entrance…

The app provides precious help for blind and visually impaired people to serenely get around!

Available on both Android and iOS

Moovit

For those who are used to taking public transportation, this app lists all the possible means of transportation, their itineraries, their timetables and other information on real-time traffic.

The app even indicates the users the names of stops while on the bus, the tram or the subway. This proves to be essential for blind or visually impaired people when voice announcements aren’t activated.

Available on both Android and iOS

Evelity

Developed by Okeenea Digital, this app is the first indoor wayfinding solution for people with a visual impairment to navigate in complex venues such as museums or universities! Evelity works like a GPS.

Compatible with VoiceOver and TalkBack, the app provides audio instructions to blind and visually impaired people to guide them step by step. People with disabilities can easily find the reception desk or the classroom without needing to know the premises in advance.

Evelity is currently being tested at the Jay Street-MetroTech subway station in New York City

Other places in France have been equipped with this app to guide blind and visually impaired people: the metro network of Marseilles, the LUMA Foundation and a medical university in Lyon.

Available on both Android and iOS

MyMoveo

We’re once again on the theme of mobility with MyMoveo developed by Okeenea Tech. This app enables blind or visually impaired users to activate connected Accessible Pedestrian Signals aBeacon to know when the pedestrian signal is green and thus safely cross the street.

Users can even use the app to activate the audio beacons NAVIGUEO+ HIFI which can locate points of interest such as the entrances of a public building or a subway station.

Available on both Android and iOS, an update is coming! 

Be My Eyes

An app with which users can ask the help of sighted users in order to match their clothes or to know the expiry date of a product. Thanks to an audio-video connexion, users can easily get in touch. 

Available on both Android and iOS

Aira

Aira works in the same way as Be My Eyes since it connects nonsighted people with sighted ones to help them in various tasks such as finding the gate of an airport.

What sets this app apart is that the sighted users, called agents, are specifically trained to assist blind or visually impaired users referred to as Explorers. 

Although the app can be downloaded for free, users are charged according to the different plans and services Aira provides. Depending on the formula they choose and their needs, the cost can thus be high.

Available on both Android and iOS

Seeing AI

A multipurpose app that permits to read and describe all types of documents placed under the smartphone camera such as banknotes or product barcodes.

Seeing AI even recognizes images, colors and faces and thus gives details on people’s emotions. 

Apps such as Seeing AI are truly groundbreaking for blind and visually impaired people who can still see their environment in a different way.

Available on iOS

Lookout

Lookout is the equivalent app of Seeing AI on Android. The user just has to activate their smartphone camera so that Lookout can identify banknotes, objects… Thanks to its Quick Read Mode, the app skims through a text which is ideal when sorting the mail for example.

An app that enables blind and visually impaired people to simplify their everyday tasks and to save time!

Available on Android

 

We can see that blind or visually impaired people can use a lot of apps to improve their autonomy especially concerning their mobility.

If you want to know more about people with a visual impairment, you can read our articles:

8 Key Points to Ensure Accessibility for Customers with a Vision Disabilities at Public Venues

6 Tips to Communicate with a Blind or Visually Impaired Person

How Do the Blind Safely Cross the Road?

Updated on March 29th, 2023 / Published on October 30th, 2020

 

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The app Evelity is the first indoor wayfinding solution for people with a visual impairment to navigate in complex venues such as museums or universities! It works like a GPS.

writer

Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

stay updated

Get the latest news about accessibility and the Smart City.

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share our article!

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NEVER miss the latest news about the Smart City.

Sign up now for our newsletter.

Unsubscribe in one click. The information collected is confidential and kept safe.

powered by okeenea

The French leading company

on the accessibility market.

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

Removing Traffic Lights vs Pedestrian Safety: a Guide to Inclusive Streets

Removing Traffic Lights vs Pedestrian Safety: a Guide to Inclusive Streets

Removing Traffic Lights vs Pedestrian Safety: a Guide to Inclusive Streets

 

Promoting active mobility and encouraging public transport in our cities of the 21st century often involves removing traffic lights. A change that’s not welcome for all pedestrians, especially the most vulnerable. Locating pedestrian crossings, knowing when to start without running any risk, finding your way in shared space, avoiding bicycles and scooters… are all new difficulties to be overcome for blind or visually impaired pedestrians, but also the elderly or children. How can we ensure that challenging the over dominant position of cars will benefit all pedestrians? Getting rid of traffic lights must be accompanied by measures for the safety and comfort of all. Let’s see what they are!

 

Removing traffic lights for more attentive motorists

The European Union’s Mobility and Transport organization includes the promotion of walking and cycling among its strategies to enable more sustainable transportation in Europe. Local governments are now implementing policies aimed at promoting the practice of active mobility and public transport services and have adopted a Vision Zero approach. In this context, the place of traffic lights at intersections is questioned. Generally perceived as safety features, these traffic signals have however proven over time that they do not prevent accidents. In 2016, 5.320 pedestrians were killed in road accidents in the European Union. Despite all road safety measures, pedestrian fatalities decrease more slowly than road fatalities in general. In the United States as well, about 14% of fatal crashes occur at signals and the large majority of them involve pedestrians. 

According to European studies, removing traffic signals would have many benefits:

⊗ Reducing bad driving practices (e.g. running red lights, accelerating through a yellow light, etc.);

⊗ Reducing vehicle speed;

⊗ Avoiding motorized traffic congestion;

⊗ Decreasing noise and pollution;

⊗ Lowering operating costs. 

So that removing traffic lights brings real benefits in terms of safety, it must of course be accompanied with measures limiting vehicle speed: setting the speed limit at a maximum of 30km/h (20mph), new geometric design, roundabouts, speed-warning signs, shared spaces. 

Seattle is one of the first cities in the United States to study how reducing speed limits and increasing speed limit sign frequency improves safety for everyone. Early results show a decrease in vehicular speeds and a reduction of up to 39% in crashes.

The same applies in Europe. The number of people seriously injured in road accidents dropped by 72% in the German city of Münster when a 30km/h limit was introduced.  

Removing the traffic lights would encourage road users to pay closer attention towards each other. Instead of focusing on the color of the traffic light, they would be more attentive to their environment and to the different movements of pedestrians, cyclists or other motorists.

 

A sense of insecurity for nearly 20% of pedestrians

Despite the speed limit measures associated with the removal of traffic lights, many pedestrians do not feel the benefits and feel unsafe when crossing streets. Moreover, even in the presence of traffic lights, observations show that, if most of the pedestrians, the most mobile and abled, do not respect the pedestrian red phase and start crossing as soon as the way is clear, about 20% do not dare to walk until the signal has turned green. These are the elderly, children, parents with strollers, disabled people, those who carry heavy loads, in short, all pedestrians with reduced mobility. And so these are the same people who suffer from the removal of traffic lights. Even though their safety is theoretically ensured by reducing speed, their sense of insecurity is real.

In 2016, a new mobility strategy was implemented in Amsterdam to make more room for cyclists and pedestrians while limiting space for vehicles. In this context, traffic lights were removed from a busy junction. When cyclists were asked whether the traffic lights were necessary, the majority was undecided because they had never thought about this question. But about a third said “absolutely yes”. The proportion is approximately the same among pedestrians as show the results of an experiment led in Paris.

According to most road regulations in the world, motorists have to reduce their speed when they approach an intersection and get ready to stop when someone is waiting to cross the street. Failing to comply with this rule is punished with severe fines and other penalties (e.g. driving license suspension or revocation).

Despite these very deterrent measures, you just have to stand for a few minutes near a pedestrian crossing and observe to realize that the rule is not followed by the majority of motorists. Therefore, pedestrians do not cross for fear of being struck by a vehicle and motorists do not stop for fear of being struck by the vehicle behind them.

 

Impossible eye contact for blind or visually impaired pedestrians

Showing your intention to cross the street and communicating with cyclists or motorists require eye contact, gestures and expressions, a language that is inaccessible to blind or visually impaired people. They can only rely on auditory clues.

And they are not the only ones suffering from this situation! Judging by the growing number of pedestrians who are focused on their smartphones, visual communication between road users is increasingly compromised.

Smombies: the New Safety Challenge for Cities in the 21st Century 

Some cities in Japan, China or Australia have already taken measures to solve this new safety issue: dedicated sidewalks, warning signs or flashing lights on pavements at dangerous intersections, etc. 

In France, the RATP group has teamed up with Okeenea to alert smartphone addicts using the app AMY connected to aBeacon, an audible pedestrian signal primarily designed for blind and visually impaired pedestrians.

 

The importance of making spaces legible and understandable

To meet the diverse needs of road users, reducing speed alone is not enough to create a sense of safety. What causes the most difficulties for the blind or visually impaired, but also for the elderly or anyone with a deficit in cognitive or intellectual abilities, is the lack of legibility of spaces. The non-regulation of flows by traffic lights and the creation of shared spaces generate disorganized or erratic movements. However, people with visual impairments learn to listen to traffic flows by ear to find their way around. No longer possible under these conditions.

Remember that the proportion of people over 75 in the population is expected to double within 40 years and that the risk of developing a visual impairment increases with age. At the same time, the ability to assess danger, distances and traffic speeds decreases. The multiplication of modes of travel (bicycles, scooters, etc.) and the appearance of silent vehicles further increase the difficulty. It is therefore essential that the most vulnerable pedestrians can move in spaces where they feel safe.

The ultimate guide to accessible pedestrian signals. I want it!

Visual, tactile and auditory cues

To meet the need for legibility of space expressed by the most vulnerable pedestrians, town planners must ensure that they maintain visual, tactile and auditory cues in cities.

Even in the absence of pedestrian signals, it is recommended to maintain audible markings at street intersections so that blind or visually impaired people can identify places where they can cross. After having removed traffic lights on intersections, the French city of Rouen has installed audio beacons, which can be activated on demand with a remote control or smartphone app, and can be combined with flashing lights to alert motorists of the presence of vulnerable pedestrians.

Reducing speed and creating traffic-calmed areas means removing any device that might suggest the right-of-way of motorists over pedestrians, such as the traditional white strips of zebra crossings. However, to feel safe, the most vulnerable pedestrians do need dedicated spaces. This is the principle of the “comfort space” introduced by the British Department for Transport, in its Local Transport Note about shared spaces published in 2011. Comfort space is an area of the street predominantly for pedestrian use where motor vehicles are unlikely to be present. In a level surface street, comfort space can be provided by a tonal contrast and tactile delineator strips. It must be clearly identified by most vulnerable people.

At each intersection, the pedestrian right-of-way must be clearly indicated to motorists. Pedestrians must also be able to easily identify the conflict zone so as to increase their vigilance there. This is all the more crucial for blind or visually impaired pedestrians, who generally rely on the number of intersections to memorize their route.

 

Safety awareness, training and education for road users and urban designers

Considering the extent of the failure to respect the right-of-way given to pedestrians by other road users, it seems crucial to increase awareness campaigns.

Changing the attitudes and behavior of drivers and pedestrians is a complex, long-term undertaking that requires a variety of interventions to be implemented: 

⊗ Road safety programs,

⊗ Mass media campaigns,

⊗ Introducing radar speed signs along hazardous sections, etc.

Changes in public road safety policy and urban design require that decision makers and practitioners are continually trained and educated to implement them. The World Health Organization gives valuable advice in its road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners.

 

In any case, presence or absence of traffic lights, let us never forget that the street belongs to everyone and not only to the 80% of the most able-bodied people! Everyone’s participation in society is at stake, this “inclusive society” that we strive to build together.

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So that removing traffic lights brings real benefits in terms of safety, it must of course be accompanied with measures limiting vehicle speed: setting the speed limit at a maximum of 30km/h (20mph), new geometric design, roundabouts, speed-warning signs, shared spaces. 

writer

Lise Wagner

Lise Wagner

Accessibility Expert

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powered by okeenea

The French leading company

on the accessibility market.

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

9 Tips to Welcome a Person with an Intellectual Disability

9 Tips to Welcome a Person with an Intellectual Disability

9 Tips to Welcome a Person with an Intellectual Disability

 

You’re facing a person with an intellectual disability and you don’t know how to exchange with them? Everybody can feel uncomfortable seeing we don’t always know how to approach, or help if necessary, a person with disabilities. Whether you are a tourism professional who needs keys to welcome a person with an intellectual disability in your establishment or a curious citizen who wants advice in order to easily communicate with a colleague with an intellectual disability, these tips are made for you! 

 

What is intellectual disability?

Intellectual disability comes from a learning disability. Generally appearing from birth, it’s characterized by learning difficulties and an intellectual development that’s inferior to the population average. People with an intellectual disability have trouble thinking, conceptualizing, communicating and making decisions.

Trisomy 21 (or Down syndrome) is the most well known genetic disorder that leads to an intellectual disability but other syndromes exist such as Fragile X, Prader-Willi or Smith-Magenis…

Around 7 million people have intellectual disabilities in the United States. (Our article Disabled People in the World in 2019: Facts and Figures details all the figures about the types of disabilities.) How to easily communicate with them and make them feel welcome? 

1. Smile!

There’s nothing like a beautiful and sincere smile to put at ease your conversation partner! Keep in mind that we can draw a lot of emotions thanks to our facial expressions!

 

2. Stay natural

When facing a person with an intellectual disability, the best thing to do is to address them the same way you would anyone. Using a warm tone devoid of pity!

 

3. Do not infantilize your conversation partner

Remain civilized and respectful in all circumstances, even if their behavior can seem childish to you.

 

4. Be patient

Take your time to truly listen to the person in front of you and adopt a reassuring attitude. Let the person speak and react at their own pace. Also be patient when you inform or guide a person with an intellectual disability. 

 

5. Use a simple and clear language

Opting for a language devoid of technical and specialized terms or unnecessary details will help you get your message across.

 

6. Add other mediums to your communication

A written text, an image or even body language can be useful when the person in front of you has trouble understanding you or memorizing information.

 

7. Offer to help

Of course you can offer to help but don’t get offended if the answer is negative. A person with an intellectual disability can indeed be autonomous according to the situations and their capabilities so it’s best not to impose your help even though you have good intentions in the first place.

 

8. Do not take offense

Some behaviors or attitudes can seem strange to you but there’s no need to take offense.

 

9. Avoid clichés

Keep finding out about people with disabilities and how to behave around them. Our article 8 Clichés about Intellectual Disability can complete these tips.

 

Implementing a simple yet efficient signage system with colored icons and easy-to-understand words help facilitate the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in establishments open to the public. As you can see, it’s easy to make them feel welcome in any type of situation! 

 

media

Take your time to truly listen to the person in front of you and adopt a reassuring attitude.

writer

Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

stay updated

Get the latest news about accessibility and the Smart City.

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powered by okeenea

The French leading company

on the accessibility market.

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.